Trade name: Ancef, Kefzol
Class: Antibiotic "cephalosporines" FIRST GENERATION
Pregnancy: (Category B)
Action: Bind to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death
Uses
Treatment of:
Skin and skin structure infections (including burn wounds)
Pneumonia
Otitis media
Urinary tract infections
Bone and joint infections
Septicemia (including endocarditic) caused by susceptible organisms
Perioperative prophylaxis
Dose
By intramuscular injection or intravenous injection or infusion, 05–1 g every 6–12 hours; CHILD, 25–50 mg/kg daily (in divided doses), increased to 100 mg/kg daily in severe infections
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin or Penicillin, renal failure, Pregnancy, Lactation
Side effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, flatulence, skin rashes super-infection, heartburn, sore mouth, bone marrow depression: (Decrease WBC, decreased platelets, decreased Hct Nephrotoxicity, (pain, abscess at injection site, phlebitis and inflammation at IV site
Nursing considerations
Infuse over 30 minutes unless otherwise indicated
Therapy should be continued for at least 2-3 days after symptoms of infection have disappeared
Assess client with a history of hypersensitivity reaction “for penicillin or cephalosporin”
Assess client financial status These drugs are usually expensive
If GI upset occurs administer Drugs with meals “Should be administered on empty stomach”
Obtain liver & renal studies
Dose
by intramuscular or intravenous injection or by intravenous infusion, 1 g every 12 hours increased in severe infections (eg meningitis) to 8 g daily in 4 divided doses; higher doses (up to 12 g daily in 3–4 divided doses) may be required; NEONATE 50 mg/kg daily in 2–4 divided doses increased to 150–200 mg/kg daily in severe infections; CHILD 100–150 mg/kg daily in 2–4 divided doses increased up to 200 mg/kg daily in very severe infections
Gonorrhea, 500 mg as a single dose
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin or Penicillin
Side effects
CNS: seizures high doses
GI: pseudomembraneous colitis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, cramps, pseudolithiasis (ceftriaxone)
Derm: rashes, urticaria
Hemat: bleeding (increased with cefoperazone), blood dyscrasias, hemolytic anemia
Local: pain at IM site, phlebitis at IV site
Misc: allergic reactions including anaphylaxis and serum sickness, super infection
Nursing considerations
Should not be mixed with amino glycosides ( each should be given separately)
For IV use, should be mixed with 10 ml sterile water & administer over 3-5 minutes
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